Things to See in Cairo, Egypt

Cairo is one of the most iconic cities in the world, with a long and proud history that stretches back over 6,000 years. It is the largest city in both Egypt and the Middle East, home to over 20 million people and a city that is bursting with life and culture. From the bustling markets of Khan el-Khalili to the ancient pyramids of Giza, there are countless sights to explore in Cairo. In this guide, we will explore some of the most popular attractions and activities in Cairo, so that you can make the most of your trip to this incredible city.

History of Cairo

Cairo was originally founded as Babylon-in-Egypt by the Romans in the 1st century AD, but it wasn’t until 969 AD that it was officially established as a major city. In 969 AD, the Fatimid Caliph al-Mu’izz li-Din Allah declared Cairo as his new capital, transforming it from a small provincial town into an urban center of culture and power. During the 11th century, Cairo became a major center for Islamic scholarship and learning, with universities and mosques being established throughout the city.

During the 13th century, Cairo flourished under the Mamluk Sultanate, becoming an important center for trade and commerce. Throughout this period, Cairo was home to a vibrant Jewish community and was home to many Jewish scholars and scientists. In 1517, Cairo was conquered by the Ottoman Empire and continued to serve as an important commercial center throughout the 17th and 18th centuries.

In 1805, Cairo was taken by Muhammad Ali Pasha and his family, who established a dynasty that would remain in power until 1952. During this period, Cairo underwent drastic modernization and developed into the bustling city that it is today. In 1952, a group of nationalist officers overthrew the monarchy and established the Republic of Egypt, which ushered in a new era for the city. Since then, Cairo has continued to grow and develop, becoming an important tourist destination for people from all over the world.

Places to Visit in Cairo

Cairo is home to some of the most iconic sights in the world. From ancient monuments to bustling markets, there is no shortage of things to do and see in this vibrant city. Here are some of the top attractions that you should consider visiting during your trip:

The Pyramids of Giza

The Pyramids of Giza are one of the most iconic sights in Egypt. Located just outside of Cairo, these ancient monuments are truly awe-inspiring and a must-see for anyone visiting Cairo. The Great Pyramid of Giza is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids and was built around 2560 BC as a tomb for Pharaoh Khufu. The two smaller pyramids were built for Pharaoh Khafre and Pharaoh Menkaure respectively. Visitors to the pyramids can explore them up close and even enter some of them if they wish.

The Egyptian Museum

The Egyptian Museum is the largest museum in Egypt and one of the most important in the world. The museum houses over 120,000 artifacts from ancient Egypt, including mummies, jewelry, pottery, and sculptures. The museum also contains many important artifacts from Tutankhamun’s tomb, including his famous golden death mask. The museum is a must-visit for anyone interested in learning more about ancient Egypt.

Khan el-Khalili

Khan el-Khalili is a bustling market located in the old part of Cairo. This market has been in operation since 1382 and is full of vendors selling everything from spices to souvenirs. The market is also home to many traditional cafes, where visitors can sit back and enjoy a cup of tea while watching the hustle and bustle of the market. Khan el-Khalili is an essential part of any visit to Cairo and should not be missed.

The Mosque of Muhammad Ali

The Mosque of Muhammad Ali is an iconic landmark located in the Citadel of Cairo. Built between 1828 and 1848, this grand mosque was constructed by Muhammad Ali Pasha in honor of his ancestor the Prophet Muhammad. The mosque features a stunning Ottoman architecture with impressive minarets and a breathtaking view of Cairo from its balcony. Visiting this mosque is a must for any visitor to Cairo.

Activities to Do in Cairo

Cairo is full of activities for visitors to enjoy. From shopping in bustling markets to exploring ancient monuments, there’s something for everyone in this incredible city. Here are some popular activities that you should consider during your trip:

Take a Nile Cruise

A Nile cruise is one of the most popular things to do in Cairo. Enjoy a leisurely cruise down the river on a traditional felucca or take an overnight cruise on a luxury ship. Enjoy stunning views of the city from the river as you sail past iconic sights such as the Pyramids of Giza, the Citadel, and more. A Nile cruise is a great way to relax and enjoy some time away from the hustle and bustle of the city.

Shop at Khan el-Khalili

Khan el-Khalili is one of the best places to shop in Cairo. This bustling market has something for everyone, from spices and souvenirs to handmade jewelry and clothes. In addition to shopping, there are plenty of traditional cafes where you can take a break and enjoy a cup of tea while people watching.

Explore Islamic Cairo

Cairo is home to many stunning Islamic monuments, including mosques, tombs, palaces, and more. Take some time to explore Islamic Cairo and visit some of its most famous sights such as Al-Azhar Mosque, Darb al-Ahmar Mosque, Sultan Hassan Mosque, and more. You can also explore historic Islamic sites such as Al-Hakim Mosque or Ibn Tulun Mosque.

Take a Cooking Class

Cairo is home to some delicious cuisine that you won’t want to miss out on! Take a cooking class to learn how to make some of Egypt’s most popular dishes such as kushari or kofta. You can also learn how to make falafel or baklava for dessert!

Tours To Consider

Full-Day Tour Of The Pyramids And Memphis

Explore two iconic sites near Cairo with this full-day tour. Visit Memphis, an ancient capital of Egypt located just outside of Cairo that was founded by Pharaoh Menes around 3100 BC. Then explore Giza Plateau with its three famous pyramids and the Great Sphinx, which dates back to around 2500 BC. On this tour you will also have access to an experienced guide who will provide commentary on each site as you explore them up close. Book a Pyramids and Memphis Tour here.

Hot Air Balloon Ride Over The Pyramids Of Giza

Take to the skies with this amazing hot air balloon ride over Giza Plateau! Enjoy stunning views of Cairo from above as you soar over the Great Pyramid of Giza and its two smaller pyramids as well as the Great Sphinx below. This tour includes roundtrip transportation from your hotel as well as an experienced pilot who will provide commentary throughout your flight. Book a Hot Air Balloon Ride here.

Sunset Camel Ride In The Sahara Desert

Experience an unforgettable sunset camel ride through the Sahara Desert on this tour! Enjoy stunning views of the desert landscape as you ride atop a camel through this majestic landscape at sunset. This tour includes roundtrip transportation from your hotel as well as an experienced guide who will provide commentary on each site as you explore them up close. Book a Sunset Camel Ride here.

Conclusion

Cairo is an incredible city that has something for everyone! From ancient monuments to bustling markets and delicious cuisine, there’s something for everyone in this vibrant city. Whether you’re looking for a leisurely cruise down the Nile or an unforgettable hot air balloon ride over Giza Plateau, there are countless activities and attractions that you can enjoy during your trip to Cairo!