What is the History of Transylvania?

Transylvania is a region located within modern day Romania. It is historically significant as it has been under the rule of numerous different empires, nations and even autonomous governments throughout the centuries. As such, the history of Transylvania is quite varied and fascinating.

The mythology surrounding Transylvania is particularly notable, as it is believed by many to be the birthplace of Count Dracula, the primary antagonist in Bram Stoker’s 1897 gothic horror novel of the same name. As the mythology goes, Count Dracula is the ruler of an ancient undead kingdom located beneath the Carpathian Mountains in Transylvania.

Early Transylvania

The earliest known inhabitants of Transylvania were the Dacians, an Indo-European tribe that once inhabited the Balkan Peninsula. During the times of the Roman Empire, Transylvania was considered part of the province of Dacia, and it eventually became a province of its own in 106 AD. In 271 AD, the Dacians were defeated by the Roman Empire and Transylvania became a Roman province known as Dacia Felix.

After the fall of the Roman Empire, Transylvania was briefly controlled by Attila and his nomadic hordes of Huns before falling under the rule of the Ostrogoths and the Lombards. In later centuries, it became part of the Kingdom of Hungary before ultimately coming to form a part of the Kingdom of Romania in 1330.

Medieval Transylvania

For centuries, Transylvania was a semi-autonomous region under the rule of Hungary. However, in 1526, it was conquered by the Ottoman Empire. Following their defeat at the Battle of Vienna in 1683, the Ottoman Empire ceded Transylvania to the Austrian Empire, who ruled it until 1793.

In 1711, the region became part of the Habsburg Monarchy and was ruled as Grand Principality. During this period, Transylvania relinquished its autonomy and was integrated into Hungary with a new administrative division.

Transylvania Under Romanian Rule

The Austro-Hungarian Empire continued to rule over Transylvania until 1867, when it was annexed by Romania after a treaty was signed between the two nations. During this period, Romania sought to modernize Transylvania and began introducing educational reforms, such as building schools and universities and abolishing religious restrictions.

The rule of Romania over Transylvania lasted until 1940, when it was ceded to Hungary as part of a territorial exchange. In 1941, when Romania became a member of the Axis powers, Transylvania was returned to Romania, only for it to once again become part of Hungary after Nazi Germany occupied Romania in 1944.

Modern-Day Transylvania

After World War II ended in 1945, Transylvania once again came under Romanian rule and has remained so to this day. In 1989, Romania experienced its Revolution and now functions as a sovereign democratic nation.

Transylvania is one of Romania’s most developed regions and is home to many vibrant cities such as Cluj-Napoca and Sibiu. It has become especially popular among tourists in recent years due to its spectacular landscape, castles and medieval towns. It is also home to Dracula’s Castle – home of Bram Stoker’s celebrated vampire – which draws hundreds of thousands of tourists every year from all around the world.

Overall, we can see that Transylvania has an incredibly complex and fascinating history that spans thousands of years. From being controlled by nomadic hordes to becoming part of Romania, Transylvania has seen it all and continues to be an important part of Central Europe’s history and culture today. For further detail about this topic you can visit Wikipedia’s entry about Transylvania, where you can find an extensive overview about its culture and history.

An Insider’s Guide to the Hidden Treasures of Transylvania

If you’re planning a trip to Transylvania, Romania, you may be thinking of famous landmarks like Bran Castle or the fortified city of Sighisoara, but there’s much more to discover in this region. As a local who has lived in Transylvania for years, I’m excited to share some insider tips to help you make the most of your stay here. Get ready to explore the hidden treasures of Transylvania!

Local Attractions: Off the Beaten Path

While places like Peles Castle and the Corvin Castle are impressive and worth visiting, the true charm of Transylvania lies in its smaller, quainter locations. If you’re interested in exploring an authentic village scene, head to the town of Viscri, located about 36 kilometers from Brasov. This tiny community has a population of just around 400 people and boasts beautiful traditional architecture, a UNESCO World Heritage fortified church, and a quaint village museum.

For lovers of nature, consider visiting the Piatra Craiului National Park, where you can hike through stunning mountainous scenery and see a diverse range of flora and fauna such as lynx, bears, and wild boar. Additionally, don’t miss out on the chance to visit the Turda Salt Mine, a massive underground attraction consisting of vast salt wells, interconnected chambers, underground lakes, and amusement rides. It’s a breathtaking spectacle that’s truly one-of-a-kind.

Dining Spots: Exploring Transylvania’s Culinary Secrets

No trip to Transylvania would be complete without indulging in its delicious cuisine. One must-try dish is sarma, a rolled cabbage or grapevine leaf filled with a combination of minced meat, rice, and vegetables. If you’re feeling adventurous, order some mici, a type of grilled minced meat that’s often served with mustard and bread.

Another must-visit spot is Brigitta’s Kitchen, a hidden gem in Cluj-Napoca known for its Hungarian-Transylvanian fusion dishes. For a more casual snack, check out Rost, a food stand in the city’s main square, where you can try sweet or savory chimney cakes cooked over an open fire.

Cultural Experiences: Discovering Transylvania’s Rich Cultural Heritage

Whether it’s the colorful costumes of the folk dancers or the haunting rhythms of gypsy music, Transylvania’s cultural scene is vibrant and diverse. Check out the ASTRA National Museum Complex in Sibiu, which features an open-air gallery showcasing traditional Romanian architecture and an indoor museum exhibiting Transylvanian craftsmanship.

For those with a taste for the performing arts, make sure to attend a performance at the Cluj-Napoca National Opera House, which has been hosting shows since the late 19th century and features ballet, opera, and theatre performances.

Local History: Fascinating Tidbits from the Past

Transylvania’s history is rich and complex, ranging from the Dacian tribes who inhabited the area over 2000 years ago to the arrival of the Saxons in the 12th century and the rule of Vlad the Impaler (also known as Dracula) in the 15th century. To get a better sense of this historical timeline, visit the Alba Carolina Fortress, a massive 18th-century citadel built on the site of an ancient Roman castrum.

Another interesting site is the Gothic-style Black Church in Brasov, which was heavily damaged in a great fire in 1689. You can still see the scorch marks on the walls of the church today, a reminder of the city’s turbulent past.

Off-the-Beaten-Path Suggestions: Take Your Trip to the Next Level

For a truly once-in-a-lifetime experience, consider staying on a Transylvanian estate or farmstay. Here, you can engage with local cultures and communities, learn about traditional farming practices, and taste the freshest homemade produce. For a unique outdoor adventure, try hot air ballooning over Brasov or horseback riding through the countryside.

In conclusion, Transylvania is a region full of surprises and hidden treasures that are just waiting to be explored. With this insider’s guide in hand, you’re sure to have a trip that you’ll remember for years to come.